Drafting method and machine



Aug. 30, 1966 F. I. GASE 3,269,014

DRAFTING METHOD AND MACHINE Original Filed April 16, 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet1 INVENTOR. FRANKLIN l. GASE A TTOHNE'Y Aug. 30, 1966 F. x. GASE3,269,014

DRAFTING METHOD AND MACHINE Original Filed April 16, 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet2 Fla. 3

FIG. 6b

INVENTOR.

FRANK LIN I. GASE A TTOR/VEY Aug. 30, 1966 F. l. @515 3,269,014

DRAFTING METHOD AND MACHINE Original Filed April 16, 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet3 F, 9a INVENTOR.

FRANKLIN I. GASE Aug. 30, 1966 F. x. GASE 3, ,0

DRAFTING METHOD AND MACHINE Original Filed April 16, 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet4 Top 7a 77: Side J FIG. 10

INVENTOR. FRANKLIN l. GASE ATTORNEY Unite This application is acontinuation of my application S.N. 728,883, filed April 16, 1958,entitled Drafting Method and Machine, now abandoned.

This invention relates generally to drafting mechanisms and moreparticularly to a method and machine for making pictorial drawings.

It is an important object of this invention to provide a drafting methodand machine which permits an operator to trace normal views andautomatically produce pictorial drawings of any desired type.

It is another important object of this invention to provrue a draftingmethod and machine which automatically produces isometric or dimetricdrawings.

Further objects and advantages will become apparent from the followingdescription and drawings, wherein:

FIGURE 1 is a plane view of a drafting machine according to thisinvention;

FIGURE 2 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the mechanism utilized tochange the plane of tracing by adjusting the position of the drawingpoint;

FIGURE 3 is a reproduction of a drawing of a rectangular object shown innormal orthographic views;

FIGURES 4a and 4b illustrate the first operation in drawing an isometricview of the object shown in FIG- URE 3 wherein the top view is put intopictorial illustration;

FIGURES 5a and 5b are similar to FIGURES 4a and 4b showing the sec-0ndstep in making the pictorial view wherein the side is added;

FIGURES 6a and 612 show the final step of the isometric drawings whereinthe end is added;

FIGURES 7a and 7b illustrate the first step in drawing a dimetric viewof the object shown in FIGURE 3 Wherein the top view is traced;

FIGURES 8a and 811 show the second step wherein the side is added;

FIGURES 9a and 9b illustrate the third step wherein the end view isadded;

FIGURE 10 is a reproduction of a normal drawing of a second objectshowing the end, top and side views;

FIGURES 11a and 11b illustrate the first step in making a pictorial viewof the object shown in FIGURE 10; and,

FIGURES 12a and 12b illustrate the final step of making the isometricdrawing of the object shown in FIGURE 10.

The use of a machine according to this invention permits unskilleddraftsmen to trace the normal views of an object and producesubstantially any desired pictorial view. The mechanism includes thecombination of a tracing board, a drawing board pivoted for rotationabout an axis for combining of the view, a linkage for reproducingobjects traced wherein movement in at least one direction isproportionally changed, and means for changing the relative position ofthe tracing in the one direction. The linkage is in efiect a mechanismfor generating an ellipse when the tracing point is moved in a circularpath. Those skilled in the art will recognizethat pictorial views areproduced by foreshortening an object in one or more planes and that anellipse generating ma chine produces this foreshortening action. Thedifierent types of pictorial drawings are made with different degrees offoreshortening so the ellipse generating machine must provide means foradjusting the degree of propor- States Patent O tional change ofmovement in the one direction to change the degree of foreshortening.

Referring to the drawings the preferred combination includes a tracingboard 10 which the drawing to be reproduced is placed on, a rotatabledrawing board 11 on which the pictorial drawing is made, and anellipsograph linkage 12. For purposes of description the term horizontalwill refer to the horizontal direction in the drawings when they areheld upright and the term vertical will refer to the vertical directionon the drawings when viewed in this manner. It should be understood thatthese terms are only used as a convenient designation and that thedrawing machine may be placed in any position relative to the truehorizontal and vertical. The ellipsograph 12 reproduces the tracingmovement in a horizontal direction while proportionally changing themagnitude of movement in the vertical direction. The amount of theproportional change of magnitude determine the degree of foreshorteningand in turn determines the degree of the plane of viewing in thepictorial drawing reproduced. 'By adjusting the degree of theproportional change, it is possible to adjust the degree offoreshortening and therefore adjust the angle of the plane of viewing.

The ellipsograph 12 includes a stationary horizontally extending bar orguide 13 which is mounted on a drafting table 14. A frame 16 ispositioned over the drawing board 11 and provided with two spacedbearings 17 and 18 which are axially movable along the guide 13. Tosupport the lower end of the frame 16, I provide the roller 19 whichmoves along the lower edge of the drafting table 14. The frame 16 istherefore constrained to move in a plane above the drafting table 14 ina manner wherein the movement of any point on the frame is parallel tothe axis of the guide 13. The frame is provided with a guide bar 21which extends vertically normal to the axis of the guide 1 3 on which ismounted a tracing arm 22 which is movable along the axis of the guidebar 21. To provide stability of the tracing arm 22, I utilize arelatively long bearing 23 and a stiffening bar 24. Supported on theouter end of the tracing arm 22 is a tracing point 26 which can be movedalong any desired path over the tracing board 10. To those skilled inthe art will recognize that any vertical movement of the tracing point26 will produce vertical movement of the tracing arm 22 and the bearing23 along the guide bar 21 and any horizontal movement of the tracingpoint 26 will cause the frame 16 to move horizontally along the guide13. Therefore, the two directions of the movement, horizontal andvertical, are separated so that the horizontal component is transmittedas horizontal movement of the frame 16 and vertical movement appearsonly between the bearing 23 and the frame 16.

Pivotally mounted at a fixed point 27 on the frame 16 is a rod 28 whichextends through and is journaled in a bearing 29 which is in turnpivotally mounted in the bearing 23 for rotation relative thereto arounda pivot axis 31. Vertical movement of the bearing 23 is thereforetranslated into pivotal movement of the rod 28 around the fixed point27. An adjustable guide 32 is supported by bearings 33 and 34 on guideportions 36 and 37 of the frame 16 so that it is always parallel to theguide bar 21. The guide portions 36 and 37 are parallel to the guide 13and the various elements are arranged so that adjustable guide 32 can bemoved horizontally relative to the frame 16. Mounted on the adjustableguide 32 is a slide bearing 38 which is axially movable therealong andpivotally mounted in the slide bearing 38 is a second slide bearing 39which is axially movable along the rod 28 and movable relative to thebearing 38 around a pivot axis 41. This mechanism is a double scotchyoke wherein vertical movement of the bearing 23 produces verticalmovement of the slide bearing 38 wherein movement of the slide bearing38 is equal to the movement of the bearing 23 times a constant. Thisconstant can be changed by moving the adjustable guide 32 along theguide portions 36 and 37 to change the distance of the axis 41 from thepoints 27 and 31. If the adjustable guide 32 could be moved to aposition wherein the axis 41 is coaxial with the axis 31, both the slidebearing 38 andthe bearing 23 would have the same magnitude movement.Conversely, if the axis 41 could be moved to be coaxial with the point27, there would be no movement of the slide bearing 38 in response tomovement of the bearing 23. But in any given position between these twoextremes the slide bearing 38 moves through a distance having a constantratio relative to the movement of the bearing 23 in a vertical directionwhich constant is changed by adjustment of the guide 32.

The adjustable guide 32 is illustrated in FIGURE 1 in a position whereina point on the slide bearing 38 will move in a 35 ellipse when thetracing point 26 is moved in a circle which is the degree of viewing theplanes used for isometric drawings. To secure the adjustable guide 32 inthis position, I form the guide portions 36 and 37 with calibratednotches into which lock pieces 42 and 43 carried by the bearings 33 and34 respectively, fit. Additional notches 46 are provided on the guideportions 36 and 37 to receive the lock pieces 42 and 43 when a 19 /2ellipse is to be generated and another set of notches 44 are provided toreceive the lock pieces when a 62 ellipse is to be generated which arethe settings used for dimetric drawings. Those skilled in the art willrecognize that the frame 16 and adjustable guide 32 cooperate to form afirst linkage which transmits full movement between the tracing point 26and the drawing point in the horizontal direction and that the rod 28and its bearings cooperate to form a second linkage which transmitsvertical movement between the tracing point 26 and drawing point 28. Thesecond linkage, however, operates to proportionally change the magnitudeof vertical movement transmitted to give the foreshortening necessary inpictorial drawings.

Referring to FIGURE 2, the slide bearing 38 is provided with a verticalslot 47 along which a drawing point 48 can be adjusted. Any suitabledrawing point can be used, such as a pen or pencil of the normal or ballpoint type, depending upon the type of finished drawing desired.Threaded onto the case ofvthe drawing point is a lock nut 49 which istightened to secure a drawing point in any desired position along theslot 47. Once the adjustable guide 32 is locked in a given position, itmoves horizontally with the frame 16 carrying with it the slide bearing38. Therefore, the drawing point 48 moves horizontally the same distanceas a tracing point 26. However, due to the double scotch yoke mechanism,vertical movement of the tracing point 26 is reduced so that the drawingpoint 48 moves vertically through a distance which is a constantfunction of the vertical movement of the tracing point.

The tracing board is preferably formed of a two sheet envelope oftransparent plastic which contains the drawing being traced and ishinged to the drafting table 14 by hinges 51 so that a drawing may bepositioned under the plastic. Scribed on the tracing board 10 are threevertical guide lines 52, 53 and 54 and a single horizontal line 56 whichrepresents the viewing plane for the pictorial drawings and whichintersects the lines 52 through 54 at the designated points 57, 58 and59 respectively. In addition the plastic is scribed with diagonal lines61 at a 45 angle relative to the horizontal line 56 and guide lines 62at 21 relative to the horizontal line 56.

The drawing board 11 is pivoted on the drafting table 14 for rotationaround on axis 63 and the paper on which the pictorial view is to bemade is mounted on top of the drawing board 11 with drafting tape.Assuming that the adjustable guide 32 is at the setting, if the tracingpoint 26 is moved along a circle 64 having its center at the point 57,the drawing point 48 will draw a 35 ellipse 66 on a piece of paperpositioned on the drawing board 11. If the tracing point 26 were movedaround a square or rectangle positioned on the tracing board 10 with itsedges along the 45 lines 61, the drawing point 48 would produce aparallelogram which would be the pictorial view of the rectangle in a 35plane.

Reference should now be made to FIGURES 3 to 6b for an understanding ofone method of producing an isometric drawing of a rectangular objectdefinable by mutually perpendicular end, side and top planes. It isunderstood that the object need not be rectangular to be so definable.As is commonly known, an isometric drawing is one form of pictorialdrawing, a pictorial drawing being a projection from the object to aviewing plane. The viewing plane makes certain angles with the end, sideand top planes defining the object. In the case of the isometric drawingequal 45 angles are made with all three planes of the object. In FIGURE3, the normal top, end and side views of a rectangular object are shown.To produce an isometric view of the objects shown in FIGURE 3, it ismerely necessary to follow the three steps shown in FIGURES 4a and 4bthrough 6a and 6b. First, a point of viewing 71, common to and shown inall three views, is chosen and the top view is positioned under thetracing board with the viewing point 71 at the designated point 57 onthe tracing board. The top view should also be oriented so that thesides extend at 45 relative to the horizontal viewing plane line. Theadjustable guide 32 is then positioned to produce 35 ellipses which isthe degree of projection used in an isometric drawing and the drawingpoint 48 is adjusted along the slot 47 until it is over the axis 63 whenthe tracing point 26 is over the designate-d point 57. The tracing point26 is then moved completely around the top view. This will reproduce thefigure shown in FIGURE 4b on a piece of paper 72 on the drawing board 11wherein the top of the object is shown as it would appear in theisometric with the viewing point 71 located at the center 63 of thedrawing board 11. After this operation is completed the side view ispositioned under the designated point 57 with the viewing point 71coincident therewith and rotated so that the sides extend at 45 relativeto the horizontal along the guide lines 61 as shown in FIGURE 5a. Beforethe side view is traced the drawing board 11 should be rotated aroundthe point 63 in a counterclockwise direction through so that the topview already traced extends vertically from the point 63 with thejunction of the top and the end planes vertical as shown. It isdesirable to provide calibration lines 70, shown in FIGURE 1, on thetable 14 with which reference mark 7011 on the drawing board 11 can bealigned to indicate the proper amount of rotation of the drawing board.The side view is then traced and it appears in the isometric form inproper position joined to the previously drawn top view as shown inFIGURE 5b. To complete the isometric drawing, the viewing point 71 ofthe end view is positioned under the designated point 57 on the tracingboard and is oriented at 45 relative to the horizontal as shown inFIGURE 6a. The drawing board 11 is also rotated in a clockwise directionthrough to a reference line so that it is 60 of clockwise rotation fromthe initial position placing the junction of the top and the side planesvertical. The end view is then traced by the tracing point 26 andappears in isometric view connected to the previous drawn top and endviews on the paper 72. To assist in tracing the various views it isdesirable to use normal drawing instruments such as T-squares andtriangles or templates or a typical drafting machine to guide thetracing point 26 over the various views.

To make a dimetric drawing wherein the object is foreshortened to halfscale in one direction, the steps shown in 7a through 9b are followed.Here again the rectangular object shown in FIGURE 3 will be traced toform a pictorial view. In this case, however, the viewing plane makesequal angles of 21 with the side and end planes of the object, and anangle of 45 with the top plane. This is only one of the numerous formsof dimetric drawings, my invention being capable of making all of them.In this case the top view is positioned as shown in FIGURE 7a with theviewing point 71 under the point 58 on the tracing board and oriented sothat one of its sides, defining the end plane, extends along the guideline 62, 21 from the horizontal. In this case the adjustable guide 32 ispositioned so that the lock pieces 42 and 43 are in the notches 46 andthe 19 /2 viewing plane is used. Because the adjustable guide 32 ismoved to the right in this adjustment and it carries with it the drawingpoint 48, it is necessary to use the designated point 58 on the tracingboard so that the drawing point 48 will be over the point 63 when thedrawing point is over the designated point 58 on the tracing board It).When the top view is traced, the drawing point 48 produces the top viewas it would appear in a 19 /2 plane as shown in FIGURE 7b. The side viewis then added by positioning the side view so that the point 71 is overthe designated point 58 on the tracing board and is positioned so thatone of its sides, defining the end plane, extends along the guide lines62 as shown in FIGURE 8a. Before the side view is traced the drawingboard 11 must be rotated in a clockwise direction through 97 11' so thatthe previous drawn top view is in a vertical position with the junctionof the top and the end planes is vertical as shown or until thereference lines of the drawing board and table coincide. Upon tracing ofthe side view, it appears as it would in a 19 /2 plane connected to thepreviously drawn top view as shown in FIGURE 8b. To complete thedimetric drawing the end view is positioned with the viewing point 71under the designated point 59 on the tracing board -with the sidespositioned at 45 relative to the horizontal. The end view is drawn in a62 plane so the guide bar 32 must be adjusted so that the lock pieces 42and 43 are positioned in the notches 44. Because the adjustable guide 32is moved to the left relative to the frame, it is necessary to use thedesignated point 59 on the tracing board so that the views will properlycoincide. Before the end view is traced the drawing board 11 is rotatedin a counterclockwise through 46 36 so that the board is displaced fromits original position in a clockwise direction 48 35' with the junctionof the top and side planes vertical as shown. When the end view istraced it appears as shown in FIGURE 91) completing the dimetricdrawing.

In some cases it is possible to produce isometric or dimetric views withonly one or two steps as shown in FIG- URES through 12b. In FIGURE 10 anobject to be drawn is shown in its normal top and side and end views.Here again a viewing point 73 appearing in all three views is chosen asa reference point. For purposes of illustration, I have shown animaginary viewing point 73 which is the projection of the corner whichwould be present if a full rectangular object were present. This isnormally only done when actual points which appear in all three viewsare not conveniently available. The top view is positioned on thetracing board with the viewing point 73 under the designated point 57 onthe board and the sides positioned under or parallel to the guide lines61. Because only the area within the rectangle oonnecting the corners'74, 75, 76 and 85 are in top plane of the object, this portion of thetop view is traced and appears as shown in FIGURE 11b. Because this isan isometric drawing the adjustable guide 32 is in the mid-position sothat the object will appear in 35 planes. To draw the face and edgesconnecting the points 77 and 78 and the edge connecting the points 79and 80, it is necessary to move the drawing point 48 along the slot 47to move to the horizontal planes containing these edges. When making anisometric view, vertical displacement is reduced by .81 of the verticaldisplacement between the point 73 and the point 77 so the drawing point48 is moved down the slot a distance equal to .81 of the distancebetween the points 73 and 77. The line between 77 and 78 of the top viewis then traced and appears as shown in FIG- URE 1117. Because the edgeconnecting 79 and 80 is vertically below the edge 77 and 78, the drawingdevice 48 is again moved down along the slot a distance equal to .81 ofthe vertical displacement between these two edges and the line 79 and 80is traced and appears as shown in FIGURE 11b.

The side view is next drawn by the steps shown in FIG- URES 12a and 12b.In this case the end View is positioned with the viewing point 73positioned under the designated point 57 on the tracing board orientedat 45 relative to the horizontal. The drawing board 11 is then rotatedin a clockwise direction through 60 and the drawing device 48 isadjusted along the slot 47 until it is directly over the point 75 of theside view when the tracing point 26 is placed on the point 75 of theside view of the orthographic drawing. The side view is then traced toadd the lines connecting the points 75, 74, 77, 79, 81 and back to thepoint 75. To fill in the upper part of the figure, it is then necessaryto adjust the drawing device 48 upward along the slot 47 until it is onthe point '76 of the isometric drawing when the tracing point 26 is onthe point 76 of the side view. The side view is then traced to connectthe points 85, 78 and 80. Because the other edges of the side view wouldbe hidden they are not traced. By following this procedure, a pictorialview can be made in two steps.

The necessary elements of the drafting machine according to thisinvention include an ellipsograph which is capable of proportionatelyreducing movement in at least one direction, a tracing board on whichthe views to be traced can be positioned, a drawing board which can berotated around a center and means for moving from one plane to anotherwithin the figure drawn and also a means for moving the tracing drawingfor spacing of planes. In the device shown, vertical movement from oneplane to another is achieved by moving the drawing point 48 along theslot 47. However, the same effect can be achieved by moving either thetracing board 10 or the drawing board 11 vertically relative to eachother.

Although I have described the operation of drawing only isometric anddimetric drawings, it should be understood that the machine can be usedto make other types of pictorial drawings including trimetric drawings.For such drawings, it would be necessary to use different degrees ofprojection and different guide lines on the drawing table. I have,however, only shown the two most comm-only used pictorial types ofdrawings because they clearly demonstrate the operation of the device.

Although the preferred embodiment of this invention is illustrated, itwill be realized that various modifications of the structural detailsmay be made without departing from the mode of operation and the essenceof the invention. Therefore, except insofar as they are claimed in theappended claims, structural details may be varied widely withoutmodifying the mode of operation. For instance, an ellipsograph may beused which is capable of adjustment in the degree of verticalforeshortening without changing the horizontal distance between thetracing point and the drawing point, in which case only one instead ofthree designated points is needed on the tracing board for location ofthe viewing point on the views to be traced. Accordingly, the appendedclaims and not the aforesaid detailed description are determinative ofthe scope of the invention.

What is claimed as new and what it is desired to secure by LettersPatent of the United States is:

1. The method of making a pictorial drawing from a mutli-view projectionof an object definable by mutually perpendicular end, side and topplanes, the pictorial drawing being a projection from the object to aviewing plane,

said viewing plane making first, second and third angles with the end,side and top planes respectively, comprising the steps of:

orienting the top view on a tracing board so that the end and sideplanes make the first and second angles respectively with a horizontalline representing the viewing plane on the tracing board, and with aviewing point common to all views located at a des ignated point;tracing the top view with the tracing point of an ellipsograph whichreproduces the top view with vertical dimensions reduced compared withhorizontal dimensions on a drawing board by means of a drawing point;

orienting the side view on the tracing board so that the top and endplanes make the third and first angles respectively with the viewingplane, and with the viewing point located at the designated point;

rotating the reproduced top view about the viewing point to a newposition so the junction of the top and end planes is vertical forproper joinder of a side view;

tracing the side view with the tracing point so that the view isreproduced on the drawing board properly joined to the reproduced topview; orienting the end view on the tracing board so that the top andside planes make the third and second angles respectively with theviewing plane, and with the viewing point located at the designatedpoint;

rotating the joined reproduced top and side views about the viewingpoint to a new position so the junction of the top and side planes isvertical for proper joinder of an end view;

tracing the end view with the tracing point so that the view isreproduced on the drawing board properly 'joined to the reproduced topand side views, completing the pictorial drawing. 2. The method ofmaking an isometric drawing from a multi-view projection of an objectdefinable by three mutually perpendicular planes, the isometric drawingbeing a projection from the object to a viewing plane, said viewingplane making equal angles of 45 with the three planes of the object,comprising the steps of:

orienting the top view on a tracing board with the end and side planesat 45 angles with a horizontal line representing the viewing plane onthe tracing board, and with a viewing point common to all views locatedat a designated point; tracing the top view with the tracing point of anellipsograph which reproduces the top view with vertical dimensionsreduced compared with the horizontal dimensions on a drawing board bymeans of a drawing point;

orienting the side view on the tracing board with the top and end planesat 45 angles with the viewing plane and with the viewing point locatedat the designated point;

rotating the reproduced top view about the viewing point to a newposition so the junction of the top and end planes is vertical forproper joinder of a side view;

tracing the side view with the tracing point so that the view isreproduced on the drawing board properly joined to the reproduced topview;

orienting the end view on the tracing board with the top and side planesat 45 angles with the viewing plane and with the viewing point locatedat the designated point;

rotating the reproduced top and side views of the isometric drawingabout the viewing point to a new posi tion so the junction of the topand side planes is vertical for proper joinder of an end view; andtracing the end view with the tracing point so that the view isreproduced on the drawing board properly joined to the reproduced topand side views, completing the isometric drawing.

3. The method of making an isometric drawing from a multi-viewprojection of an object definable by three mutually perpendicularplanes, the isometric drawing being a projection from the object to aviewing plane, said viewing plane making equal angles of with the threeplanes of the object, comprising the steps of:

orienting the top view on a tracing board with the end and side planesat 45 angles with a horizontal line representing the viewing plane onthe tracing board, and with a viewing point common to all views locatedat a designated point, the view extending above the designated point;

tracing the top view with the tracing point of an ellipsograph whichreproduces the top view with vertical dimensions reduced compared withhorizontal dimensions on a drawing board by means of a drawing point;

orienting the side view on the tracing board with the top and end planesat 45 angles with the viewing plane and with the viewing point locatedat the designated point, the view extending below the designated point;

rotating the reproduced top view of the isometric drawing about theviewing point to a new position counterclockwise removed from theposition in the second step above so the junction of the top and endplanes is vertical for proper joinder of a side portion;

tracing the side view with the tracing point so that the view isreproduced on the drawing board properly joined to the reproduced topview;

orienting the end view on the tracing board with the top and side planesat 45 angles with the viewing plane and with the viewing point locatedat the designated point, the view extending below the designated point;

rotating the reproduced top and side views of the isometric drawingabout the viewing point to a new position 60 clockwise remove-d from theposition in the second step above so the junction of the top and sideplanes is vertical for proper joinder of an end view; and

tracing the end view with the tracing point so that the view isreproduced on the drawing board properly joined to the reproduced topand side views, completing the isometric drawing.

4. The method of making a dimetric drawing from a multi-view projectionof an object definable by three mutually perpendicular planes, thedimetric drawing being a projection from the object to a viewing plane,said viewing plane making equal angles of 21 with the side and endplanes of the object, and an angle of 45 with the top plane of theobject, comprising the steps of:

orienting the top view on a tracing board so that the end plane makes a21 angle with a horizontal line representing the viewing plane on thetracing board, and so that a viewing point common to all views islocated at a designated point;

tracing the top view with the tracing point of an ellipsograph whichreproduces the top view with vertical dimensions reduced compared withhorizontal dimensions on a drawing board by means of a drawing point;

orienting the side view on the tracing board so that the end plane makesa 21 angle with the viewing plane and so that the viewing pointislocated at the designated point;

rotating the reproduced top view of the dimetric drawing about theviewing point to a new position so the junction of the top and endplanes is vertical for proper joinder of a side view;

tracing the side View with the tracing point so that the view isreproduced on the drawing board properly joined to the reproduced topview;

orienting the end view on the tracing board so that the top plane makesa 45 angle with the viewing plane and so that the viewing point islocated at the designated point; rotating the reproduced top and sideview of the dimetric drawing about the viewing point to a new positionso the junction of the top and side planes is vertical for properjoinder of an end view; and

tracing the end view with the tracing point so that the view isreproduced on the drawing board properly joined to the reproduced topand side views, completing the dimetric drawing. 5. The method of makinga dimetric drawing from a multi-view projection of an object definableby three mutually perpendicular planes, the dimetric drawing being aprojection from the object to a viewing plane, said viewing plane makingequal angles of 21 with the side and end planes of the object, and anangle of 45 with the top plane of the object, comprising the steps of:orienting the top view on a tracing board so that the end plane makes a21 angle with a horizontal line representing the viewing plane on thetracing board, and so that a viewing point common to all views islocated at a designated point, the view extending above the designatedpoint; tracing the top view with the tracing point of an ellipsographwhich reproduces the top view with vertical dimensions reduced comparedwith horizontal dimensions on a drawing board by means of a drawingpoint; orienting the side view on the tracing boar-d so that the endplane makes a 21 angle with the viewing plane and so that the viewingpoint is located at the designated point, the view extending above thedesignated point; rotating the reproduced top view of the dimetricdrawing about the viewing point to a new position 97 11' clockwiseremoved from the position in the second step above so the junction ofthe top and end planes is vertical for proper joinder of a side view;

tracing the side view with the tracing point so that the view isreproduced on the drawing board properly joined to the reproduced topview;

orienting the end view on the tracing board so that the top plane makesa 45 angle with the viewing plane and so that the viewing point islocated at the designated point, the view extending below the designatedpoint;

rotating the reproduced top and side views of the dimetric drawing aboutthe viewing point to a new position 48 35' clockwise removed from theposition in the second step above so the junction of the top and sideplanes is vertical for proper joinder of an end view; and

tracing the end view with the tracing point so that the view isreproduced on the drawing board properly joined to the reproduced topand side views, completing the dimetric drawing.

6. A drawing machine for producing a pictorial drawing of an objectcomprising a tracing board, a drawing board, and an ellipsographincluding a tracing point, a drawing point and means linking said pointsoperative to transmit full movement therebetween, said tracing boardholding a multi-view projection having a designated viewing point commonto all views of the object, said ellipsograph reproducing a traced viewof said object with reduced vertical dimensions compared with thehorizontal dimensions thereof on said drawing board, mounting means forrotatably positioning said drawing board beneath said drawing point,said drawing point coinciding with the rotational axis of said drawingboard when said tracing point is at said designated viewing point onsaid tracing board, said ellipsograph reproducing various views of saidobject on said drawing board from said multi-view projection on saidtracing board properly and automatically joined together therebyproducing the pictorial drawing of the object on said drawing board.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 260,463 7/ 1882Earle 33-25 2,510,202 6/1950 Wilkinson 33-18 X 2,553,026 5/1951 Williamset a1. 3318 X 2,636,271 4/1953 Valois 33-18 X FOREIGN PATENTS 390,43610/1908 France.

LEONARD FORMAN, Primary Examiner.

ISAAC LISANN, Examiner.

HARRY N. HAROIAN, Assistant Examiner.

1. THE METHOD OF MAKING A PICTORIAL DRAWING FROM A MULTI-VIEW PROJECTIONOF AN OBJECT DEFINABLE BY MUTUALLY PERPENDICULAR END, SIDE AND TOPPLANES, THE PICTORIAL DRAWING BEING A PROJECTION FROM THE OBJECT TO AVIEWING PLANE, SAID VIEWING PLANE MAKING FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD ANGLESWITH THE END, SIDE AND TOP PLANES RESPECTIVELY, COMRPISING THE STEPS OF:ORIENTING THE TOP VIEW ON A TRACING BOARD SO THAT THE END AND SIDEPLANES MAKE THE FIRST AND SECOND ANGLES RESPECTIVELY WITH A HORIZONTALLINE REPRESENTING THE VIEWING PLANE ON THE TRACING BOARD, AND WITH AVIEWING POINT COMMON TO ALL VIEWS LOCATED AT A DESIGNATED POINT; TRACINGTHE TOP VIEW WITH THE TRACING POINT OF AN ELLIPSOGRAPH WHICH REPRODUCESTHE TOP VIEW WITH VERTICAL DIMENSIONS REDUCED COMPARED WITH HORIZONTALDIMENSIONS ON A DRAWING BOARD BY MEANS OF A DRAWING POINT; ORIENTING THESIDE VIEW ON THE TRACING BOARD SO THAT THE TOP AND END PLANES MAKE THETHIRD AND FIRST ANGLES RESPECTIVELY WITH THE VIEWING PLANE, AND WITH THEVIEWING POINT LOCATED AT THE DESIGNATED POINT; ROTATING THE REPRODUCEDTOP VIEW ABOUT THE VIEWING POINT TO A NEW POSITION SO THE JUNCTION OFTHE TOP AND END PLANES IS VERTICAL FOR PROPER JOINDER OF A SIDE VIEW;TRACING THE SIDE VIEW WITH THE TRACING POINT SO THAT THE VIEW ISREPRODUCED ON THE DRAWING BOARD PROPERLY JOINED TO THE REPRODUCED TOPVIEW; ORIENTING THE END VIEW ON THE TRACING BOARD SO THAT THE TOP ANDSIDE PLANES MAKE THE THIRD AND SECOND ANGLES RESPECTIVELY WITH THEVIEWING PLANE, AND WITH THE VIEWING POINT LOCATED AT THE DESIGNATEDPOINT; ROTATING THE JOINED REPRODUCED TOP AND SIDE VIEWS ABOUT THEVIEWING POINT TO A NEW POSITION SO THE JUNCTION OF THE TOP AND SIDEPLANES IS VERTICAL FOR PROPER JOINDER OF AN END VIEW; TRACING THE ENDVIEW WITH THE TRACING POINT SO THAT THE VIEW IS REPRODUCED ON THEDRAWING BOARD PROPERLY JOINED TO THE REPRODUCED TOP AND SIDE VIEWS,COMPLETING THE PICTORIAL DRAWING.